AndAlso and OrElse VB.NET Basic Logical Operators

AndAlso and OrElse VB.NET Basic Logical Operators VB.NET features two logical operators that help make your programming ... well ... more logical. The new operators are AndAlso and OrElse and they add a lot to the old And and Or operators. Whats New AndAlso and OrElse have some properties that enhance your code in ways that previous VB versions couldnt match. They offer advantages in two general categories: You can avoid executing part of a logical expression to avoid problems.You can optimize code by not executing any more of a compound expression than required. AndAlso and OrElse are pretty much like And and Or except that they will short circuit an expression once the outcome is guaranteed. Example Suppose youre coding a test of a calculation result like this: The if expression generates a divide by zero error in VB 6 because Value3 is zero. (But see the Quick Tip on divide by zero for more on that.) It could be that the cases that result in Value3 being zero are very rare and only occur when youre enjoying a vacation a thousand miles away so you can be called back to fix the program in an emergency mode. (Hey! It happens!) Lets recode the program as a .NET program using AndAlso and see what happens. After changing And to AndAlso, the program works! The reason is that the last part of the compound If condition- (value 2 \ value3)- is never actually executed. When you use AndAlso, VB.NET knows that the expression cant succeed once it is determined that the first part of the condition- a is not greater than Value1- is false. So VB.NET stops evaluating the expression right there. A similar example could be constructed using OrElse. This analysis also suggests how you can add some efficiency to your code by arranging a compound logical expression correctly. If you place the expression that is most likely to be false in the leftmost position when using AndAlso, you can prevent execution cycles from being used to evaluate the rightmost expression. In a single test, it wouldnt make enough difference to be worth even thinking about. But if your test is inside a loop of some kind and is executed zillions of times, it could make a big difference. Knowing about these two new VB .NET logical operators can help you avoid very subtle errors or achieve subtle efficiencies.

running in the past essays

running in the past essays Nabokov, Peter. Running in the Past: Trade Networks and Messengers. Indian Running: Native American History and Tradition. 1981. In Running in the Past: Trade Networks and Messengers, Peter Nabokov illustrates the importance running has played in the ability of Native Americans to keep up communications by showing the importance of runners in the Pueblo revolt in 1680, the reliability of the Cocomaricopa newsboys, as well as the efficiency of the Iroquois messengers. In 1680, a Pueblo uprising was started in New Mexico. The leader of this revolt was a man they called Pope. He was a religious man who was enraged by the Spanish rule in their territory. Since the Spanish settled in the Pueblo territory, they had created havoc for the Indian religion. Therefore, Pope sent out runners, with the plans of the revolt, to all 70 tribes of the Pueblos. Some runners traveled over 300 miles to reach distant Hopi villages. After these messages were delivered, the runners were sent on a second mission. They were to deliver bundles of knotted cords, which were used as countdown devices. A knot would be untied each day, and when all the knots were untied, the Pueblos would attack. The plan worked out perfectly and the Pueblos defeated the Spanish, and gained their religious freedom back. Another great example of the importance of runners was the Cocomaricopa newsboys. They were usually 25 to 40 year old men who trained with a strict diet and daily practices. These men were allowed through enemy territory, even in times of war, to deliver messages and keep up communications. The Cocomaricopa runners were legendary endurance runners. John G. Bourke, a traveler in the Colorado River area, reported that one runner covered a 200 mile distance in less than 24 hours. He also reported that he paid a runner two dollars to make a twenty-one mile trip through deep sand in which he comp...

Reducing income inequality while boosting economic growth Research Paper

Reducing income inequality while boosting economic growth - Research Paper Example OECD countries entail five groups with regard to their patterns of inequality. For instance, nations like Australia, Ireland and United Kingdom and the Holland reflect dispersed wages and high part- time employment share, putting inequality in labor earning at above the average of the OECD. Means- investigated transfers of public cash and progressive taxes for household reduce the general inequality in income, but it retains its position above the average of the OECD. Similarly, some Nordic nations and Switzerland all entail comparatively low income of labor inequality due to narrow dispersion of wages and high rates of employment. Can transfers are normally universal; hence, they are less redistributive. Inequality in income for such a group is significantly below the average of the OECD. Empirical analysis by Garicano reveals that despite the critical role played by technological change and globalization in fueling labor income distribution, the variation in marked cross- country i s certainly because of differences in institutions and policies. Consequently, a scholar can deduce the following conclusions about the policies and the institutions: firstly, policies of education matter. Policies that raise rates of graduation from upper education and tertiary education as well as advance uniform education access help diminish inequality. Secondly, well- designed policies institutions of labor market can decrease inequality. A significantly high minimum wage minimizes distribution in labor income, however if set at a high level it may diminish employment; hence, dampening its influence on inequality- reducing. Arrangements of institutions that uphold trade unions...The paper presents a modern comprehensive analysis of the state of income inequality in the OECD countries, identifies factors behind such income distribution and offers policy measures to reduce inequality, while maintaining high levels of development. The paper identifies patterns of inequality betwee n OECD countries and demonstrates a new analysis of policy together with non-policy drivers in the countries It has sketched a comprehensive portrait of rising inequality in income among the OECD.It has reviewed changes in the factors, that stipulate such state of things, and it has examined their significant influence on inequality. Particularly, it has examined the role of technological changes and globalization as well as regulatory reforms in tax regulations and benefit. It has assessed what a government can do in addressing rising inequality and it has concluded by examining the likely certain policy avenues. The analysis revealed that income inequality prior to transfers and taxes is entirely driven by labor income diversion and the existence of inactivity and part- time employment. A significant finding reveals that education and policies of anti- discrimination, fully developed institutions of labor market and progressive systems of tax transfer can all help moderate inequality in income. Certain tax reforms and systems of transfer comprise a double divided in inequality diminution and increase of GDP per capita. The paper discussed other reforms such as trade- offs between the policy objectives

For this assignment you are asked to first select ONE of the following Essay

For this assignment you are asked to first select ONE of the following topics to investigate - Essay Example Several publications put an emphasis on the developments and realities of video conferencing. They illustrated case after case of people making use of video conferencing and avoiding travel (Davidson & Cope 2003). A number of companies, such as Siemens, LifeSize, and Cisco Systems, have been developing this form of technology for several years now (King 2009). Fortunately, or unfortunately for others, the rapid progress of the current economic crisis is speeding the pace of its implementation. It is not likely that video conferencing can replace business travel, yet companies are increasingly resorting to it as the drawback of the technology—such as dropped calls, wobbly connections, and confusing delays—mostly has been remedied (Tracy 2009). This essay is an attempt to discuss the possibility of video conferencing replacing business travel in the near future. Through specific examples and empirical evidence this essay aims to give light to this new trend in technology and business tourism industry. The current literature on this issue includes the inexpensiveness of video conferencing and transforming economics as well as the ‘not so sophisticated’ adaptations of the technology such as those provided by google, yahoo, or skype. These low- and high-tech video technologies are by now beginning to transform numerous procedures not just in the business tourism industry but also in other professional and skilled sectors of the economy. Several authors discussed particularly the effect of video conferencing on business travel and reduced popularity of business travel. For instance, Hewlett-Packard and Cisco have experienced a considerable growth rate in their video conferencing units over the recent decade (King 2009). The enterprise of video technology is fascinating in two points. First, from the point of view of the customers, although the direct capital needed is not negligible, it

The Association of International Publishers Essay Example for Free

The Association of International Publishers Essay Billy Curtis Clark was born on 29 December 1928 in Catlettsburg, Kentucky. Clark was the seventh child of Mason and Martha Clark (Foster, 1997). Clark was born in the bridge between Kenova, West Virginia and Catlettsburg, Kentucky because her mother had experienced labor pains during the time she was in West Virginia to buy something. Her mother was in a hurry to get home because he doesn’t want Billy to be born in West Virginia for nationality purposes. Catlettsburg is a town where poverty prevails and because Billy had aimed to get away of this town, he had worked hard to finished his secondary education. Billy Clark was the only child of Mason and Martha Clark who had finished secondary education. Clark had many struggles in his early adult life because at the age of eleven, he left his home and had lived in the city office building. To support his studies, he had been able to experience cleaning the jail and being a volunteer fireman. He had endured this kind of life for almost five years (Foster, 1997). After staying in the city office building for five years, he joined the Korean War. This was the time when he finished high school and because of the urge to continue to college he joined the Korean War. He was granted benefits from the G. I Bill and was able to continue college because of the grant. He chose to enroll in the Kentucky University. His first publications were rooted at the Kentucky University and these publications were produced while he was still studying at the university. His first magazine publications were entitled Boy’s Life, Coronet and Nugget (Kelly). The struggles that were experienced by Billy Clark continued even during the times he was pursuing college. He had to work then because he also had helped his mother and father in order for the poverty burden to be lessened. His father had several strokes those times and his mother had to take laundry to support the family’s needs. Because of the poverty experienced by his family, he left the university and worked in the Ashland Oil. It is in Ashland Oil were he met his wife Ruth Bocock (Foster, 1997). The Billy C. Clark Bridge that connects Kentucky and West Virginia was named in honor of Billy Clark. This is maybe because he was born on that the same river. There were several awards that had been given to Billy C. Clark because of the numerous and enormous contributions he had done in the field of literature and poetry. He was considered an award winning writer of eleven books. Among the books that he had published is the â€Å"A Long Hoe Row† that is now used by most of the universities in the United States of America in order to study the field of Appalachia. It was also awarded by the Time Magazine as the one of the Best Books in 1960. Moreover, the book entitled the â€Å"Hunter’s Horn† had received and was included and selected as one of the Crowell-Collier Classic. This was in year 1964 (The Association of International Publishers). Billy C. Clark was also the founder and editor of the Virginia writing. Clark is also a writer-in-residence at the Longwood University. Billy C. Clark had also been a writer-in-residence at his former college school at the Kentucky University. He was in service to the University for almost eighteen years. He became a full professor and at the same time being a writer-in-residence at the Longwood University in Kentucky. Another interesting thing about the famous author Billy C. Clark is that he had written a book at the age of fourteen but he was not able to publish it until he married Ruth Bocock. Ruth was the one who discovered that he had written the â€Å"Song of River†. He had written the book at the age of fourteen and the book was published exactly fourteen years after it was written with the help of Ruth Bocock, his wife. Ruth was the one who discovered the book at the back of his car after they got married (The Association of International Publishers). Works Cited: Booty, Kent. News Release from Longwood College. 28 August 1992. Foster, Kelly. (2007) Billy C. Clark. KYLIT, A site devoted for Kentucky writer 11 September 2007 http://www. english. eku. edu/SERVICES/KYLIT/clark. htm Peyton, Dave. Billy Clarks stories hewn from log of rough childhood. The Herald-Dispatch. 31 August 1992. Peyton, Dave. Unlike Thomas Wolfe, he can go home again. The Herald-Dispatch. Sept. 1992. Shaffer, Cathie. Long road leads Billy Clark back to Catlettsburg. The Daily Independent. 19 July 1992. The Association of International Publishers (2007). Past Honorees; Billy C. Clark. 10 September 2007 http://www. aepweb. org/fame/bclark. htm

Inhibitory Or Excitatory Potential Changes :: Biology Biological Papers

Inhibitory Or Excitatory Potential Changes Graded potentials can be either hyperpolarizations (inhibitory) or depolarizations (excitatory). Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, also referred to as IPSP, is the temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential occurs when synaptic input selectively opens the gates for potassium ions to exit the cell (carrying a positive charge with them) or for the chloride ions to enter the cell (carrying a negative charge with them). Inhibition is not just the absence of excitation, it is an active brake that is able to suppress the excitatory responses from occurring (Kalat, 2004). Excitatory postsynaptic potential, also known as EPSP, is a graded depolarization. As a result of sodium ions enter the cell, excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs. As a result of the synaptic activation, the sodium gates open, allowing an increase in the flow of sodium ions crossing the membrane. Excitatory postsynaptic potential is a subthreshold event that decays over space and time, meaning its magnitude decreases as it travels along the membrane (Kalat, 2004). Lithium has both inhibitory and excitatory features. Evidence has shown that lithium alters sodium transportation (http://www.mentalhealth.com). In the extracelluar fluid lithium may replace sodium. During the process of depolarization lithium has an extremely rapid intracellular influx. Although, it is not effectively removed by the sodium-potassium pump. According to Kalat (2004) the sodium-potassium pump, "[is] a protein complex that repeatedly transports three sodium ions out of the cell while drawing two potassium ions into the cell" (p. 41). As a result, it prevents the cellular reentry of potassium. This interferes with the electrolyte distribution across the neuronal membrane, resulting in a decrease in the membrane potential, changes in conduction and neuronal excitability. As measured by cortical evoked potential, for humans lithium alters the excitability of the central nervous system (http://www.mentalhealth.com). Lithium enhances the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into the synaptosomes, thus reducing their action. Lithium also reduces the release of norepinephrine from synaptic vesicles and inhibits production of cAMP. "Lithium inhibits the synthesis of cAMP by the adenylyl cyclase in many brain regions, including the cerebral cortex, caudate, and hippocampus, but not the brain stem or cerebellum" (Feldman, Meyer & Quenzer, 1997). "The inhibitory action of lithium on NE-sensitive adenylyl cyclase is a consistent finding, but lithium clearly has distinctive effects on the adenylyl cyclase that is coupled with receptors

The Development Of Credit Unions

A credit union is a member owned member controlled not-for-profit cooperative financial institution. Credit unions were formed to provide loans to its members at lower rates of interest than would be other wise available. The first credit union was formed by a group of farmers in Belgium, 1848, during a period of severe economic depression. Townspeople pulled their money together to provide loans to each other. This cooperative approach helped farmers avoid paying the high rates being charged by â€Å"loan sharks†. These loans enabled a farmer to buy the necessities to plant a crop or to help members buy coal in bulk at lower prices. At the time of their origins the only financial assistance available was the local moneylenders. At the time of the depression people who took out loans were forced to pay expensive interest rates. Credit Unions serve low-income people. A person†s ability (income) to repay is considered more important than the desire to sustain the assets of the credit union. Members are borrowing their own money and that of their peers. By 1900 the first financial cooperative idea had spread from Germany to Canada. Canadas successful efforts influenced two Americans. Pierre Jay the Massachusetts bank commissioner and Edward A. Filene a Boston merchant. These two men helped organized public hearings on the credit union legislative in Massachusetts. This led the establishment of the first Credit Union Act in the United States in 1909. The growth of credit unions across the U.S. was slow. Fewer than 10 states passed credit union laws. 1934 Congress passed the Federal Credit Union Act. This act set the basic structure, which governs credit unions today, examples: Member control is democratically exercised regardless of the number of shares held. Loans, which are primary investment for credit union, are made exclusively to members. A board of directors supervises management By 1935 38 states and the District of Columbia had laws permitting the establishment of credit union and over 3,000 were in existence. In 1970†³s credit unions were battling with the government for federal share insurance and the campaign for national fund to support the community developed credit unions (CDCU). In 1970 congress established the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) an independent agency responsible for regulating and chartering federal credit unions and NCUA and Congress also established the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund. This enabled the NCUA to insure the shares of all the federal and state credit unions. In 1978 the Federal Credit Union Act was amended to establish a three-member board, appointed by the president, to head NCUA. Nationally, there are almost 11,000 credit unions with over 73 million members. The Credit Union National Association (CUNA) is the national trade for credit unions. In addition, there are 50 state credit union leagues and leagues for the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. The credit union movement is growing throughout the world, including third-world countries and Europe where people need assistance with setting up consumer finance systems. There are over 37,000 credit unions worldwide in 87 nations with over 88 million members.

Green Mile Book Report Essay

To some people the words â€Å"Book-report†Ã‚  mean rent the movie and write a report on that. Yes, it is easier to watch a three-hour movie rather than read a 536-page book. With most books turned movies, though, the book is far too detailed to fit everything. This is how it is with the book The Green Mile and the movie The Green Mile. There are similarities but, there are also a lot of differences between the two. The main parts of the book and movie are alike: Coffey being caught with the two dead girls in his arms, Coffey saves Hal’s wife and Coffey dying at the end. There are smaller details that are alike and that is more important than the main parts. One small thing is that Paul does have a UTI in both the book and the movie. This is a small part but it brings a lot to the movie and the book because this is how Paul finds out that Coffey is innocent. Another small thing is the placement of the prisoners in the book and the movie. They aren’t exact but they are pretty close and this shows importance when the mouse, later called Mr. Jingles, walks up and down the green mile. Lastly, a small detail that is the same in both the book and the movie is the last sentence. Paul explains his punishment for killing one of God’s great miracles. This is very important because it brings the whole movie and the book to a close. Along with the similarities there are major differences and minor differences between the book and the movie. The major differences that I noticed between the book and the movie are: the mouse doesn’t die at the end in the movie, and there is no real character in the nursing home that bugs Paul in the movie like there was in the book. A smaller detail that is different is that in the book Paul asks Coffey to tie his shoe and Coffey can’t do it. This turned into a major point in the book because it went through how the dog was killed with meat and Coffey was carrying his lunch tied up, when he was found with the girls. The only way Coffey would have been able to use the meat would have been to untie the package his lunch was in and then retie it. In the movie this isn’t even explained which is kind of sad because it shows that he really isn’t the one who killed the girls. Another factor is that in the movie everything is shortened to save time. This is because people don’t want to sit through a five-hour movie. Lastly, the movie was created by the  impression the scriptwriter got with the help of Stephen King so of course there is no way they could have the exact same ideas all the time. This is a great book and a great movie and there is no way that the movie could cover everything that the book covers because there is a time limit with movies when people start to lose interest. Ways that the differences could become less evident would be by in each scene add detail even if it is just one line for a character it would make the book and movie seem more alike. Instead of two people looking at the book and combining their idea it would be one idea shared by millions. Everyone says â€Å"don’t just a book by the cover†Ã‚ , well with more books turning to movies I think that that saying should be modified. The saying for nowadays would have to be â€Å"Don’t judge a book by it’s movie.†Ã‚  I am not saying that all books turn movies are bad. I am saying if you didn’t like the movie and see the book try to read it because there might be more to the story than what the movie covered. Overall both the movie The Green Mile and the book The Green Mile are very good stories but to get the whole story you should both read the book and watch the movie.

Blade Runner (Scott) + Brave New World (Huxley) - Analysis When humanity loses touch with nature speech to environmental forum.

Blade Runner (Scott) + Brave New World (Huxley) - Analysis When humanity loses touch with nature speech to environmental forum. Hello everyone and welcome to the inaugural forum of the "Walk on the Wild Side" group of environmentalists. Our goal here is to protect the natural environment and the integrity of human nature from the destructive potential of science and technology.My opening address will focus on two creative works composed by artists who share our concerns.Aldous Huxley expressed his concern about the growing power and influence of science in the word after the First World War. His satirical novel, "Brave New World" created a dystopia designed to warn of the possible damage to humanity from mass production, totalitarianism, sexual promiscuity and drug use which were appearing at the time, the 1920's.More recently Ridley Scott used his film "Blade Runner", to highlight the destructive forces present the 1980's. He shared the concerns of the environmental green movement, that the planet and its inhabitants were under threat from pollution, the growing power of multinational companies and experimen ts in genetic engineering.Tyrell FXBoth artists used the science fiction genre to create worlds where unrestrained science has degraded human nature and destroyed or devalued the natural world. Both warn us of the dehumanising power of science in a society dominated by a powerful individual. Mustapha Mond, one of the world controllers has complete power over the lives of civilians in England A.F 632, while Dr Tyrell heads the giant corporation which is the ruling power of Los Angeles. Science is used as a weapon for social control.Huxley's use of pseudo-scientific language in the opening scenes helps to give a sense of authenticity to the fictional processes taking place in the Central London Hatchery. Viviparous birth and motherhood are seen as obscenities and have been replaced by Bokanovsky's Process. This method produces "standard men and women in uniform batches" and is the...

Science Fair Chemistry Project Ideas and Inspiration

Science Fair Chemistry Project Ideas and Inspiration These science fair projects ideas provide information and questions you can develop into a science fair project. Bookmark this page or check back regularly, since new ideas are added. You may submit an idea for a science fair project to be included in the list. Quick Look at Projects by Education Level These projects are grouped according to grade level ranging from preschool through middle school, high school, and college. 12th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas. Senior high school science projects can be fairly advanced. Some seniors have done projects that gain them scholarships or change the world!11th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas. 11th grade is the peak time for students to apply to colleges, so an award-winning or thought-provoking project can gain scholarships or aid during the school interview process.10th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas. 10th-grade science fair projects offer students the opportunity to explore whether they want to pursue college education or a career in science. There are scholarship opportunities at this level, too.9th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas8th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas7th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas6th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas5th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas4th Grade Science Fair Project Ideas3rd Grade Science Fair Project Ideas2nd Grade Science Fair Project Ideas1st Grade Science Fair Project IdeasKindergarten Science Fair Project Ideas

Employment Law in UK Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Employment Law in UK - Case Study Example Since, the European law prevails over the domestic law, the domestic courts and tribunals have to apply relevant principles of the European law, which in this context refers to the EC Treaty and directives2. Sometimes, a court or tribunal directly applies the European law and sometimes, where there seems to be a conflict between domestic and European law, the European Court of Justice or the ECJ is asked to decide on the correct interpretation of the law. The ECJ's objective is to ensure the uniform interpretation and effective application of European law. In case of a conflict between domestic legislation and European law, an important consideration is whether the law concerned has direct effect in the UK. Article 141 of the EC Treaty3 has direct effect between private citizens or the horizontal effect and between private citizens and the state or the vertical effect. As per the provisions of the European Communities Act 1972, the European Community law forms part of UK domestic law. ... In respect of appellant claims, Section 2(4) of the 1970 Act is relevant and in order to be admissible in an employment tribunal, these claims have to be filed within the statutory time limit. In such cases the employment tribunal is empowered to grant a successful applicant the right to retrospective access to the scheme, subject to the payment of appropriate contributions, wherever the periods of employment were not earlier than the 8th of April 1976. The significance of this date is that from this date direct effect was given to the judgment of the European Court of Justice in Defrenne v Sabena6 and in this case the court held that article 119 of the EC Treaty7 provided for equal treatment in the right to join an occupational pension scheme. In Alabaster -v- Barclays Bank Plc8 Mrs. Alabaster pleaded that her employer's failure to incorporate her pay rise into her SMP was contrary to the Equal Pay Act 1970 and Article 141 of the EC Treaty. The ECJ ruled in her favour and held that there was a breach of EU law, resulting in the UK Government amending the SMP rules. The Employment Appeal Tribunal or EAT has ruled that the Equal Pay Act 1970 is not infringed by a pay system wherein employees with more service and experience were paid more than those with lesser service and experience even though most of the latter are female and most of the former are male. The argument that the ECJ decision in Nimz v Frie und Hansestadt Hamburg9 is not good law because of Handels- og Kontorfunktionrernes Forbund I Danmark v Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening10, is untenable, because the first case was concerned with part time employees whereas the

The Importance Of Employee Resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Importance Of Employee Resourcing - Essay Example Globalization has changed the style that businesses around the world adapt and the concept of employee resourcing is one fine example of this change that how organizations are using the concept of employee resourcing and getting the desired results. This ever-shifting business environment has also given the recruiter a complex challenge, that how the need of the human resources can be managed? How to meet current staffing needs and how to cater futuristic needs? The brunt of meeting these challenges will obviously fall on human resource departments or employee resourcing departments in large organizations and on managers in small organizations. The answer to this challenge is employee resourcing. Employee resourcing is a part of human resource management that ensures that the organization gets and holds the human resources needed and employs them effectively in getting optimum results. Employee resourcing can be considered an integral part because it deals with welcoming people in an organization and if they are not performing well or they are of no interest to the company then releasing them. Following are the main guidelines that are mostly followed by employee resourcing organization in order to hire or fire employees. These processes may vary from country to country and organization to organization. Human resource planning deals with the subject of getting the workforce to the organization as per their requirement and needs and to keep an eye on the need and demand of the organization in terms of human resources for the future (De Feis, 1987). Human resource planning practitioners anticipate and predicts future business environmental demands on an organization and provide the necessarily qualified  workers to fulfill the requirement of the organization and also coming up with the business needs and demands.